The EU has been at the forefront of international efforts towards the Paris climate agreement and took legislative steps to implement its target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40% by 2030. On 28th November 2018, the European Commission has published a Communication on the long-term strategy for GHG emissions reduction ahead of the 24th session of the Conference of the Parties, taking place in Katowice in December 2018. Transport emissions are the main obstacle in delivering the EU’s climate objectives. Decarbonisation of the transport sector remains both a challenge and an opportunity for the greenhouse gases reduction policy. Rail is the only mode reducing its emissions and thanks to energy-efficient zero carbon railways there can be more transport activity with lower and lower emissions in Europe.